In this lesson, students learned about the element of value in art, which refers to the lightness and darkness of objects as affected by light. The importance of light sources and their angles was emphasized, as they influence how much light is reflected off surfaces, creating highlights and shadows. Differences in value can alter the perception of an object, making it appear lighter or darker depending on its background and proximity to other items. Understanding these concepts is crucial for artists to accurately depict depth and dimension in their work.