In today’s physics lesson, we discussed the vast topic of the universe, building on last week’s content. We reviewed historical concepts, starting with the belief that Earth was at the center of the universe, as held by ancient astronomers like Ptolemy. We then covered the shift in understanding brought about by Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei, who proved that the sun is at the center of our solar system through the use of telescopes. Additionally, we explored how the Earth’s rotation and tilt affect day and night, along with the four seasons, emphasizing the Earth’s 24-hour rotation period and its annual orbit around the sun.