The lesson discusses the importance of primary sources in historical study, using examples like newspapers from wartime and personal accounts to bring history to life. It emphasizes various types of primary sources, including photographs, diaries, poetry, paintings, sculptures, logbooks, documentaries, and videos. The lesson also highlights three key figures, Dun Karm Saile, Dun Mikil Cerri, and Dun Gjorġ Brega, and their contributions to the historical context being studied. Overall, it stresses that understanding primary sources is crucial for a vibrant and accurate representation of history.