In this recorded lesson, the instructor, Polina Tardu, guides 11th-grade accounting students through understanding and calculating the margin and markup ratios, using foreign terms such as “il-ratio” (the ratio) and “merċa” (store) for explanation in context. The lesson emphasizes practical examples, such as buying a product at a cost of 1 Euro and selling it with a 20% markup, leading to a price of 1.20 Euros, illustrating how to convert between markup and margin ratios. The session also includes practice questions similar to past papers, such as calculating the gross profit when the cost is 100 Euros and the markup is two-fifths.