In this lesson, the instructor begins the new topic of locational knowledge, focusing on the lines of latitude and longitude essential for determining precise locations on Earth. These lines are imaginary and not visible in the real world but are crucial for understanding how coordinates are used in mapping technologies like GPS, Google Maps, and Google Earth. Additionally, the lesson touches on the Earth’s tilt of 23.5 degrees and its elliptical shape, explaining how these aspects affect our understanding of coordinates and poles.