In this lesson, the instructor begins a new topic focused on locational knowledge, specifically discussing the imaginary lines of latitude and longitude which are essential for determining exact locations on Earth. These lines are crucial for understanding geographic coordinates used in technologies like GPS and Google Maps. The lesson also touches upon Earth’s axial tilt of 23.5 degrees, explaining how it affects our perception of the Earth’s shape and the non-existent nature of the North and South Poles in terms of physical lines.