The lesson focuses on understanding geographical coordinates, specifically the imaginary horizontal lines, known as latitudes, drawn on a map or globe. It emphasizes the importance of the Equator, which divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and serves as the primary reference point for latitude degrees. The lesson also clarifies the usage of the Maltese terms “Tra-Montana” (North) and “nof-sinar” (South), highlighting the distinction between these hemispheres for geographical referencing.