The lesson discussed the topography of village locations and examined the advantages and disadvantages of their positions within the community. It highlighted a map illustrating the distribution of villages in Malta during the early 15th century, noting the fortified settlements like Mdina and Birgu. The discussion included the historical population patterns and the influence of Arabic and Latin on village names, as well as the trends in settlement locations based on safety and resources. The presenter emphasized that earlier populations were smaller and that settlement choices were influenced by the geography and accessibility of resources.