In this lesson, the discussion focused on the Norman era, particularly during the time of Frederick II, and its impact on the Maltese islands. It highlighted the role of Gilberto Abbate, who provided insights through his reports about the situation in Malta. The lesson also touched on the pressures faced by the remaining Muslims in the region to convert or leave and compared the socio-economic conditions in Malta and Sicily during the medieval period, with insights from Professor Jeremy Johns.