In this lesson, we explored the development of classical music from its origins in ancient Greek and Roman societies through various historical periods, including the Medieval and Renaissance eras. We discussed how music notation evolved, the significance of plainchant and Gregorian chant in the church, and the rise of polyphony. The Renaissance marked a renewal of interest in ancient music ideas and advancements in music accessibility due to the advent of printing, leading to a diversification of musical styles. Overall, this lesson provided an overview of Western music’s evolution and its cultural significance throughout history.