In this lesson, the focus was on reviewing topics related to the Renaissance and the differences between invention and discovery. Inventions are defined as new creations or improvements, while discoveries involve recognizing something that already exists. The teacher also discussed the historical use of caravels, light ships used in navigation, and how they were designed to harness the wind for faster voyages. Additionally, concepts like compass development and maritime exploration were highlighted, along with the importance of these advancements in understanding navigation and the natural world.