In this lesson, students learned the basic rules for noun endings in Arabic, focusing on how nouns change depending on their role in a sentence. When a noun is the subject, it ends with a dhamma (e.g., الكتاب, the book), but when it follows a preposition, such as “bila,” “qabel,” or “ma'” for with, it must take a kasra, leading to forms like البيتُ (the house) under specific cases. Several examples were provided, such as “الكتبُ فوك الميدة” (the book is above the table) and “قط تحت السرير” (the cat is under the bed), illustrating these rules in context.