This recorded lesson discusses the rise of Nationalist Movements in Europe during the 19th century, emphasizing key revolutionary events in Italy and Germany, such as the failed attempts for unification in 1848. It covers the struggle for independence by the Greeks from the Ottoman Empire and examines the segmented nature of Italy before its unification, identifying separate entities like Lombardy and Venetia under Austrian control. The lesson highlights Italians’ efforts between 1820 and 1848 to gain more liberties and reduce Austrian interference, outlining revolts in various regions including the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States.