The lesson introduces 11 new Chinese characters related to the theme of the house, including essential vocabulary for rooms and parts of a home. Students learn words like 房子 (fángzi) meaning house, 卧室 (wòshì) for bedroom, and 厨房 (chúfáng) for kitchen. The transcription also explains how to refer to different floors using terms like 楼上 (lóushàng) for upstairs and 楼下 (lóuxià) for downstairs.