In this lesson, students are introduced to the basics of perspective in drawing, focusing on techniques such as foreshortening, distance, and scale. The instructor emphasizes the importance of understanding how objects appear based on their position relative to the viewer, highlighting how closer subjects seem larger and more vivid while distant objects appear smaller and paler. Through examples, including a painting by Andrea Mantegna, students learn how to incorporate these principles to create realistic three-dimensional effects on two-dimensional surfaces.