In lesson 41, students learn to identify the positions of objects and people using positional vocabulary. Key phrases include “sopra” (above), “sotto” (below), “a destra” (on the right), “a sinistra” (on the left), “al centro” (in the middle), “in alto” (high), and “in basso” (low), with practical examples demonstrated through a video clip. The lesson emphasizes the importance of describing the position of nouns to enhance spatial awareness and communication skills.