The lesson covers the Roman civilization, starting from the founding of Rome by the legendary hero Romulus to the development of the Roman Republic. It discusses Romulus’s background, including his upbringing by a she-wolf alongside his brother Remus, their eventual city founding, and the famous Abduction of the Sabine Women, which helped populate Rome. The lesson concludes with Romulus’s ascension to divine status and a reminder that not every story from history is verifiable, as other kings followed Romulus before the Republic was established.