In this science lesson, students learn about the properties and sources of light, including natural sources like the sun and fireflies, and man-made sources like lamps and torches. The lesson covers how light travels in straight lines, interacts with different materials (opaque, transparent, and translucent), and its ability to reflect on surfaces, even on transparent objects like windows. Additionally, the lesson explains the process of how light enters the eye to enable vision, emphasizing the role of the cornea in seeing.