In this chemistry lesson, students explore the concept of salts, focusing on the distinction between normal salts and acid salts through examples. The lesson reviews neutralization reactions, where an acid reacts with an alkali to produce water and a salt. Specifically, the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is discussed, resulting in the formation of sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. The process of titration is introduced as a method to determine the exact amount of acid needed to neutralize an alkali, highlighted by the use of phenolphthalein as an indicator to signal when neutralization has occurred.