The lesson explores the Age of Discovery, focusing on European explorers and their journeys to unknown territories. It discusses the limited knowledge of continents outside of Europe and Africa prior to the Renaissance, highlighting significant explorers like Henry the Navigator, Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and others who opened new trade routes. The Portuguese led the exploration, followed by the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English, as they sought to claim parts of these new lands. The lesson also features maps illustrating the areas claimed by these explorers.