In this lesson, students learn about RAM (Random Access Memory) and how to select the appropriate type for a computer. The discussion revolves around Mark, who wants to upgrade his computer’s RAM from 2 GB to meet the minimum requirements of a new game that needs 4 GB. Different RAM types are introduced, including DDR, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4, with a focus on understanding their specifications and compatibility with motherboards. Emphasis is placed on choosing RAM that is compatible with existing hardware to ensure optimal performance.