In today’s lesson, we continued our discussion on organization charts, focusing on the differences between centralization and decentralization in decision-making. Centralization means that decisions are made at a central point, often within a school or management office, where authority is concentrated. Conversely, decentralization allows decisions to be made at lower levels or in different departments, promoting responsibility among staff in specialized areas, such as maintenance or health and safety within a shipping company. This approach can create a more efficient processing function, but may also lead to challenges in communication and coordination among departments.